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Indefinite sum : ウィキペディア英語版
Indefinite sum
In mathematics the indefinite sum operator (also known as the antidifference operator), denoted by \sum _x \, or \Delta^ \,,〔(On Computing Closed Forms for Indefinite Summations. Yiu-Kwong Man. J. Symbolic Computation (1993), 16, 355-376 )〕〔"If ''Y'' is a function whose first difference is the function ''y'', then ''Y'' is called an indefinite sum of ''y'' and denoted Δ−1''y''" (''Introduction to Difference Equations'' ), Samuel Goldberg〕 is the linear operator, inverse of the forward difference operator \Delta \,. It relates to the forward difference operator as the indefinite integral relates to the derivative. Thus
:\Delta \sum_x f(x) = f(x) \, .
More explicitly, if \sum_x f(x) = F(x) \,, then
:F(x+1) - F(x) = f(x) \, .
If ''F''(''x'') is a solution of this functional equation for a given ''f''(''x''), then so is ''F''(''x'')+''C(x)'' for any periodic function ''C(x)'' with period 1. Therefore each indefinite sum actually represents a family of functions. However the solution equal to its Newton series expansion is unique up to an additive constant C.
==Fundamental theorem of discrete calculus==

Indefinite sums can be used to calculate definite sums with the formula:〔"Handbook of discrete and combinatorial mathematics", Kenneth H. Rosen, John G. Michaels, CRC Press, 1999, ISBN 0-8493-0149-1〕

:\sum_^b f(k)=\Delta^f(b+1)-\Delta^f(a)

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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